DairyUP – Fast Tracking the NSW Dairy Industry Through RD&E

NSW dairy farmers have faced many extreme weather and climatic challenges in recent years from severe and prolonged drought to bushfires and then widespread flooding. 

There is no doubt we will continue to see these events and others occur in the future. We need to get better at preparing for, responding to and managing our recovery in these situations.

With this in mind, last year a large collaborative research, development and extension program worth $16 million was launched. This 5-year program aims to fast track the NSW dairy industry to a position so that farm businesses have tools and options they can use to help them survive and prosper under the inevitability of changing conditions - be they economic, social or climatic.

This project is called DairyUP and is led by one of my guests today, Professor Yani Garcia who is Professor of Dairy Science at The University of Sydney and Director of the Dairy Research Foundation. We will be discussing some of the outcomes to date on a few of the projects and the implications they have for farmers. Joining us in conversation is Juan Gargiulo one of my DPI dairy colleagues who plays a leading role in several DairyUP projects.

Useful resources related to this podcast:

DairyUP website

Subscribe to DairyUP e-newsletter

Register to attend the DairyUP South Coast Road Trip (21st & 22nd June 2033)

Register for the 2023 DRF Symposium (7 - 8th November 2023)­­

This podcast is an initiative of the NSW DPI Dairy Business Advisory Unit

It is brought to you in partnership the Hunter Local Land Services

Please share this podcast with your fellow farmers and colleagues and feel free to contact us with suggestions or comments via this email address thebusinessofdairy@gmail.com

Further NSW DPI Dairy channels to follow and subscribe to include;

NSW DPI Dairy Facebook page

DPI Intensive Livestock Twitter feed

NSW DPI Dairy Newsletter

Transcript here

Produced by Video Lift

The information discussed in this podcast are for informative and educational purposes only and do not constitute advice. 

Transcript

The Business of Dairy 

Episode #25 Transcript – “DairyUP – Fast Tracking the NSW Dairy Industry Through RD&E”

Sheena Carter: Welcome to the Business of Dairy Podcast. I'm Sheena Carter, Development Officer with the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Dairy team. New South Wales farmers have faced many extreme weather and climatic challenges in recent years, from severe and prolonged drought to bushfires and then widespread flooding. There is no doubt we will continue to see similar events to these occurring in the future. We need to get better at preparing for, responding to and managing our recovery in these situations. With this in mind, last year a large collaborative research development and extension program worth $16 million was launched. This five-year program aims to fast track the New South Wales dairy industry to a position so that farm businesses have tools and options they can use to help them survive and prosper under the inevitability of changing conditions, be they economic, social or climatic. This project is called DairyUP and is led by one of my guests today, Yani Garcia, who is Professor of Dairy Science at the University of Sydney and Director of the Dairy Research Foundation. We will be discussing some of the outcomes to date on a few of the projects and the implications they have for farmers. Joining us in conversation is Juan Gargiulo, one of my DPI dairy colleagues who plays a leading role in several DairyUP projects. 

Welcome to the Business of Dairy podcast, Yani and Juan, it’s great to have you both as my guests today. 

Yani Garcia:  Hi Sheena, it's a pleasure for me to be here and thanks very much for this opportunity. 

Juan Gargiulo: Hi Sheena, thanks for having me on your podcast, it's a pleasure also to be here. 

Sheena Carter: Yeah, I think this is the second time I've had you, Juan, so we're getting a bit of a habit, that's great. 

Yani, we'll kick off broadly and talk about DairyUP the program itself. It's a very exciting initiative and it's a very large body of work, which I've explained briefly in my introduction, but can you expand for our listeners a bit more on things such as who the funding partners are and what the program of work actually involves? 

Yani Garcia: Yes, sure. Look, it's as you said, it's a five-year collaborative program and it's funded through the Bushfire Industry package Sector Development Grant initially, but with real heavy co-investment from industry, the private sector and the university sector as well. So there is a 7 to 1 dollar for each dollar that come from the government sector. And I guess the program is five years as I said, it's led by the University of Sydney, the Research Foundation, but it's been delivered together with key partner organisations, NSW DPI – both agriculture and biosecurity food and safety branches and also Dairy Australia. And I guess there are a lot of other partners, you know, contributing either cash or in-kind like Local Land Services Hunter, South East Local Land Services, Dairy NSW, Norco Co-op, Leppington Pastoral Company, Australian Fresh Milk Holding, and the former Dairy Connect organisation. 

Sheena Carter: Yes. So there are many, many partners involved, which I guess is one of its strengths, is that collaboration amongst many organisations, which is fantastic, fantastic to see. So what does it actually look like and involve? 

Yani Garcia: Look, I mean it is a truly collaborative effort. It's already bringing additional partners into the scene apart from the original ones, including we have a contribution from Eagle Direct, Integra, Signature, a collaborative project with three universities – UTS, Macquarie University and Charles Sturt University, and really it is an effective partnership and a collaborative project that honestly, I haven't seen before. So, I'm really, really pleased to see all this happening. 

Sheena Carter: Yeah, and I guess it's a big job for you, Yani, to be steering that big ship with all those partners. I'm sure it keeps you very busy. 

Yani Garcia: It does, but it's a real pleasure, Sheena. And I guess the program was set up to accelerate industry recovery, particularly after the devastating bushfires of 2019 and subsequent extreme climate events. And I guess again as a program, the Up in the program stands for Unlocking Potential, and that's exactly what the team projects and 23 projects and sub-projects within the program are trying to achieve to, you know, to unlock potential by fast tracking productivity gains and pasture persistance and intensive systems that are increasing in number in New South Wales and across Australia and also in the planning and business and opportunities for development of new markets. 

Sheena Carter: That unlocking potential, it's not going to happen without a concentrated and focused effort through these projects. So, I guess another key point on that is that it really is rejuvenating RD&E within the New South Wales industry and training opportunities as well within the industry. Can you just talk a bit to that about, you know, how that's happening and why that's important for the industry in New South Wales? 

Yani Garcia: Look, rejuvenation for me is critical really, and the farmers cannot expect to do it all by themselves. They have enough together, and they really need help from research, from science, from service providers, from trained people to help fast track and to help capture those potential opportunities. And in the same way that we really need the young farmers to come to the industry to invest in farms and really take over farm systems, we also need the same at the research level. The truth is that there was very little resources, particularly in New South Wales in terms of dairy research, and we were one, perhaps the main one and NSW DPI another one, but they were mainly isolated efforts and this DairyUP really brought together the opportunity to bring together those isolated efforts into a bigger program, bring in new resources, there are ten young PhD students that will be the researchers of tomorrow for farmers. There are new researchers already working in different projects. There are technicians and young service providers working heavily or very actively for DairyUP, so it's fantastic to see that rejuvenation, and to me, it's critical for the future of the industry.

Sheena Carter: Yeah, and I guess every dairy industry, or every dairy state, likes to think it's different and it's special, but I think there's commonalities nationally within Australian dairy systems, but there are distinct differences in the different states and I think, you know, particularly climatic conditions and different pastures that are used within different regions of Australia and different dairying systems itself, so it is really good to see some rejuvenation into research specifically for New South Wales farmers. 

We might just dip into a few of the projects. As you've said there's quite a number of them involved. Some of them are longer term projects, running the duration of the five years, but then we do have some shorter projects as well. And just broadly for our listeners, we're going to talk P1, which has a suite of programs in it looking at unlocking the potential of pastures, and P2, which is looking at unlocking the potential of cows, and then also P3 – understanding the economics of intensive dairy systems. 

So, I guess first we might flick to you, Juan. You're also heavily involved in quite a few projects within DairyUP. But the one of relevance that I'd like to discuss with you today is around what you're doing with dairy farmers throughout New South Wales, where you're using satellite technology as a tool to help improve pasture utilisation and management, particularly with Kikuyu based pastures. Can you tell us a bit more about that project? 

Juan Gargiulo: Yeah sure, Sheena. So, as you said, the main aim of this project is to improve grazing management through informed decision making, and as you mentioned, we are mainly focusing on satellite remote sensing, but also using other tools to monitor pastures. So, the project is led by the University of Sydney, but in collaboration with Local Land Services Hunter and New South Wales DPI. Dr. Martin Correa-Luna from University of Sydney and Yani are leading the project, Peter Beale from Local Land Services and myself from NSW DPI, and the rest of the team comprises of five technical officers in different regions in New South Wales, Zac Geldof, Josh Hack, Chloe Wilson, David Dean and Jacob Learner, and essentially what we are doing is monitoring 14 farms across the whole state, four in the north coast, five in the mid coast and five in the south coast. So that's an overview of the whole project. 

Sheena Carter: And what's the actual role of the farmers? What are the expectations and how are they participating? 

Juan Gargiulo: So, the role of the farmers, of course, is pivotal in this project. First, they are sharing the data with us, so that's the key part. Also, the fact that they provide input and feedback to the project is really important to us because we are continuously taking that feedback to improve the whole project. So, the first year has been more about observing the farm and monitoring with satellites the grazing management. But the second year will be more about trying to implement some of the learnings to improve management decisions. So, the role of the farmer will be also key there in trying to implement those learnings with the technical officers. 

Sheena Carter: Predominantly coastal dairy farms within New South Wales and obviously pasture based. Their system, it's a typical sort of Kikuyu, ryegrass pasture based farms? 

Juan Gargiulo: Yeah, in general, those are the typical systems that we have in our farms. So, it's typical New South Wales pasture-based systems, yeah. 

Sheena Carter: You know, some people might think using satellite technology might be a bit pie in the sky – well, that's a bad pun, but you know, pie in the sky and a bit out there. What is it looking like for the farmers and with the information that they're getting, is it translating to what they're seeing in the paddock? 

Juan Gargiulo: As you said, this technology is really attractive for the farmers because it allows you to monitor, for example, the whole farm with little labour, actually. But one of the things that we found is that still, to achieve high accuracy, we need to provide some calibration or information from ground measurements in order to improve. So, at this stage, and part of the of the work we are doing, is trying to see how much information we need to provide to the satellite in order to improve accuracy and how often. So that's part of the work we are currently doing with Martin and the rest of the team. 

Sheena Carter: Yeah, fantastic. It's exciting stuff. It's definitely, I guess from a labour-saving point of view, a great tool, and as you get the information more accurate, I guess a very powerful tool in the palm of their hand to help them make good decisions. So, do you think we'll get to the point with this kind of technology where farmers will feel particularly confident using that information? Because I mean, I think to me, you know, if I'm a farmer, I still want to be out in the paddock and seeing what's ahead of me. I guess it gives you some flexibility and some additional information to help understand what you are actually seeing in the paddock. Would that be fair? 

Juan Gargiulo: Yeah, I think so. And of course, in order to be widely adopted by farmers, at least it has to provide comparable accuracy to other methods, for example, a rising plate meter or the C-Dax, for example, those other sensors that are commonly used on farms. So actually, that's part of the work we are doing is trying to see how we can improve the accuracy and how we can basically improve the accuracy of this method so it can be adopted by farmers with confidence, but I think that the potential is really great for this technology. And the satellite technology itself is continuously improving, so I think there's a huge potential for the technology in the future. 

Sheena Carter: So, we'll have, I guess, farmers having the ability to have a better understanding of, you know, our next strip that we're grazing, we know exactly how much we really should be allocating rather than putting the strip out and coming to get the cows back in and realising we didn't quite give them enough, or perhaps we gave them too much that day or that grazing. 

Juan Gargiulo: Yeah, of course, it's complementary to the visual assessment of the farmer and the walks on the farm, but yeah, it's something that could definitely help the farmer to improve the management and optimise the whole grazing management. And at the end I think that will translate into more resilience, more productivity and at the end, hopefully more profitability. So, we are chasing those things, I guess. 

Sheena Carter: Excellent. Do you see the technology being able to be used in other ways around, you know, broader big picture opportunities such as monitoring when we've got things like floods or fires or drought? How do you see that? 

Juan Gargiulo: Yeah, so there are multiple satellites available, and each satellite can do different things. And actually, each satellite technology is being used, for example, for monitoring weather patterns and it is being used for creating, for example, maps of affected areas or monitoring soil moisture. So, it can help in the case of natural disaster, for example, in this particular case, we are using this technology specifically to monitor pasture biomass. So, as I said, if farmers monitor better pasture biomass, they can improve productivity, they can improve profitability and resilience, so at the end, it will be a tool that could be used when resources are limiting or when abandoned. So, it's something that could improve the overall management of the farm, I guess. 

Sheena Carter: Yeah, I’m just thinking, you know, when we do experience disasters, and be it bushfire or flood or drought, we're always looking for information to help farmers and industry in our response to how we can help those farmers that have been affected. So, I guess it is going to provide, potentially, some really valuable information that might help some of that support and decision making. 

Yani Garcia: I think it's important also to see these upcoming technologies as a way to fast-track recovery as well from, for example, from bushfire affected paddocks, from flood affected paddocks, and not only to quantify damage, as you were saying, but also to be able to act quickly and to allocate resources to cows, and particularly in those circumstances that are extremely challenging for farmers. There's a lot in this project that actually can help with that fast recovery, and particularly those farms that were, you know, severely affected – or hopefully not – but, you know, things will happen in the future, as we all know. So, I think it's all about better preparedness.  

Sheena Carter: Yeah, that's right, Yani. And I think, you know, you say hopefully not. But I think, you know, we've certainly experienced in New South Wales in the last 5 to 6 years some very extreme weather events which have proved incredibly challenging for dairy farmers. So, as you say, if we've got some tools that can really help in that response phase, response and recovery phase, to help them bounce back as quickly as possible and maintain their viability and longevity in the industry. Okay, so thanks, Juan, for that. It's an exciting space and we'll look forward to hearing more about the project as time goes by. 

Yani, if we can move on now to P2, which is broadly unlocking the potential of the cow, and again, this suite contains several other projects. I think there's about six projects within P2, but one of them, which is being led by Professor Ian Lean, looks at the survivability of cows within the herd, and this is with reference to intensive herds, if I'm correct. I think survivability of cows within a herd is a real challenge to businesses in that we need them to be pushing beyond the 2 to 3 lactations within the herd, because otherwise they probably haven't started generating you a profit. So, there's an expense to you and your business, and ultimately, I think there's two things, we want healthy cows to start with, well and truly, but we also want healthy, profitable cows. So, can you tell me a bit about this project that's being led by Ian and what it's telling us to date? 

Yani Garcia: Sure. Look, as you say, the P2 is overall led by Ian Lean from Scibus and also some of this approach is co-led with Jim Rothwell’s team at the Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute from DPI. And of course, I'm sure Ian will be able to expand across all the projects and in particular this one, longevity, of all the others, but just very briefly from the program point of view, I think P2 is an absolutely fantastic project altogether, that is really, as you said, looks to unlock the potential of the cow. And when you think in terms of the potential, what would be greater than an increase in more longevity? When all cows in any herd, when they're born, or before calving, they have the potential to have five or more lactations and still it is less than 10% on average, and that's actually a number we have already from Ian's research, that actually achieved so, and in some herds, it is even a lot less. So, the opportunity there in terms of fast tracking productivity gain is enormous with longevity. 

Sheena Carter: Sorry, Yani. Did you say there's less than 10%? This is in intensive systems, less than less than 10% are achieving five lactations?

Yani Garcia: Five lactations or more, yes. Yeah, it's quite, quite impressive, isn't it? And we have data also, a different data set, and actually one of the first steps that we did was to look into a lot of details in data from over 30,000 cows from Australia and North America, and they found those sort of findings as well, you know, between different countries, but also, they were able to actually quantify those relationships and how they effect on parity, on reproduction and the effect on parity on health and survival, etcetera. For example, the cows with five lactations or more are two and a half times less likely to be mated than a cow in first lactation, and they are 20 times more likely to have milk fever. We all know that cows increase in weight as they go older, but they also decrease in body weight, and very significantly, and particularly in pasture-based systems. So, we are already seeing all these coming from P2, I mean, a lot of those things are known by farmers and service providers, obviously in industry, but P2 is already quantifying them. And as soon as you quantify, you can understand, you can understand the relationships and you can start doing something about it. And that is what they are doing at the moment with phase two of the project, which is… I can tell you a lot about it if you want, as well. 

Sheena Carter: Yes. So, I guess, you know, they've got records from a significant number of cows, you said it's from Australian herds and US herds that they've analysed and discovered various things, including what's contributing to cows leaving the herd. Phase two is then to try and mitigate the loss? How does phase two work? 

Yani Garcia: Yes, phase two is actually working with those in partnership with the DairyUP farmers. Like, basically we have 15 farms in P1, pasture-based farms, 15 farms in P2 or intensive farms, and what Ian and his team are doing, and particularly PhD. David Sheedy with Ian, Helen Cotter and myself, they’re sampling cows from all those systems, they have already over 900 cows sampled before and during transition period and also in early lactation. And basically, coming from what I said before, this phase is trying to hopefully identify, you know, all the samples will be fully analysed in terms of all metabolites and metabolomes, what they're trying to do is to find those indicators or bio indicators, I guess, that can actually show which cow… or help with prevention, for example, of some of those failures in reproduction and health. The whole idea is that, if you know early enough which would be the cows that could be more at risk, and you have indicators that… or the farmers or the private consultant, have information about those cows, I mean, it's all putting more control on the farmer in terms of really giving the farmer more tools to keep the cows that he or she wants rather than what happens in many cases with this inevitable culling, really, because the cow has to go because they don't get back in calf, because they have a recurrent or chronic mastitis, and so it's really, really trying to… that's where they say it's a low hanging fruit there in terms of potential, and as I said before, it's perhaps one of the biggest really, in my opinion, in terms of achieving longer production. And I should say really, it's not only economics, which we always analyse from an economic viewpoint, but it's also an environmental footprint. I mean, if you have one animal that actually produces one lactation, there's two years in her life that she emitted methane and carbon and for only one lactation versus another one that actually produced over five lactations. So, it's a huge difference in terms of environmental impact, and as I said, I'm very excited with what they are doing within DairyUP and the opportunity they have to find, you know, with good science, to find these indicators and relationships to help farmers to keep the cow they want, basically. 

Sheena Carter: Yeah, no, it sounds very exciting. I think, you know, farmers are passionate about their cows, and as you say, you know, you go through… well in New South Wales herds it’s probably a bit more than two years before they're entering the herd on average, so you want to do everything you can to give them a healthy and productive life in the milking herd. So, yes, we'll look forward to having a chat with Ian in the future about some more detail on those projects, it sounds like exciting stuff. We might just also touch on another project in that P2 suite looking at calf health and weaning weights with Sarah Legge. I think you were saying earlier, that's got some interesting results coming out of it already. 

Yani Garcia: Yes, Sarah Legge is doing a fantastic job. She's doing a PhD with us within the DairyUP program as well, and it’s really, pretty much, related to one of the approaches of P2 as well. But basically, she looked at the data from 1300 plus calf raised with automatic milk feeders, you know, with a good management, you know, good control, systematic protocols for management, and despite all that good management, there is still huge variability among calves. And I guess all farmers know, but what is interesting from this project is showing what Sarah did was to follow the further performance, measured as a weaning weight of those calves and what it was related to, and she found that the consumption of milk in the feeder as early as five days since they get into the feeders after one week of age, it was already a good indicator for performance. And the interesting thing is that we follow up with those calves into lactation, and they also, again as I said before, this confirms their potential. There was a big drop in calf numbers between the ones that get to lactation, from there, one third doesn't get to second lactation from there, another third doesn't get to third lactation and so on. 

Sheena Carter: All tied back to weaning weight, we’re saying? 

Yani Garcia: Yes, weaning weight has a very, very important effect, or relationship, and we are all investigating this as we speak, so it’s really happening now, but it's really already showing some strong effect or relationship with the lactation, with production per lactation per se, but also with the number of lactations. So those calves that achieve greater weaning weight within the cohort are more likely to achieve a greater number of lactations. So again, those things are, I mean, its still early days, but they are potentially enormous applications for farmers. If you can identify early, not only to identify which of those are good performers, to go to the other extreme, identify those that are not and do something about it. 

Sheena Carter: Yeah, it's interesting stuff and it really, you know, we always talk about good heifer rearing practices and management, and I think both of these projects that we've just spoken about within P2 really do highlight that you need to get the detail right in that heifer rearing phase because a lot of the subsequent milk yield and results that you get from your milking cow, it's set up in that younger phase and you can't get that back once they're in the milking herd. 

Yani Garcia: Absolutely, Sheena. I think for a long time a lot of people in industry, and farmers sometimes, are looking at the cost of raising a calf and really, we should be looking at the investment of raising a calf, because it's a big investment and really pays off really well and this kind of data showed that very clearly. 

Sheena Carter: Yeah, that is exciting stuff, it's really good. I was going to talk a bit about the economic work, and we don't actually have time for that today, but I will have a podcast coming shortly in the next six months or so, or less than that, talking about the economic work that we've done with our intensive dairies in New South Wales. It is very much a foundational body of work giving us insight into the costs and profitability of these systems within New South Wales and within Australia. A similar body of work has been done in in northern Victoria and it's really the first time that we've looked at drilling down into the profitability of these businesses within an Australian context, which is also going to be of value to farmers that are considering intensifying their systems as well. Before we wrap up, Juan, I might just flick to you first. Any key points about your project using satellite technology and what you'd like to leave farmers with as a message from the project thus far? 

Juan Gargiulo: Yeah, Sheena, thank you. A couple of points about the project, so this will be running until 2026. So, as I mentioned, we completed the first year, which was more an observational study where we monitor, or we observe, how farmers were grazing pastures and applying grazing management. And on this second phase, we are moving more to applying some of the learnings from the first phase and trying to work with farmers together and the technical officers to try to implement some of those measurements, or monitoring, that we are seeing to try to improve the grazing management. So that's what we are up to now with the project. And of course, I mentioned it, but of course, thanks to the farmers involved in the study, which they willingly share the data with us, which is really great and benefits the whole industry. 

Sheena Carter: Yeah, well said. We've got farmers involved in all projects that we've spoken about today, and you're right, without their generosity and their time, because it is their time, we wouldn't be able to do what we're doing, so it is fantastic. Yani, any final points from you? 

Yani Garcia: Yes, I guess from the DairyUP as a whole program, I think a couple of points is that first of all, it's early days, but there's a lot happening, and I guess today there were a couple of examples of what is happening that is, kind of, already producing tangible resources and output for farmers. So, there are many, many more of them and I hope you can talk to the each of the projects later on in this amazing podcast that you have developed. The second point I'd like to make is in terms of risk and resilience in the dairy industry, I mean, coming back to what we discussed before, nobody knows when extreme climate will hit again, but it will occur. And there's nothing we can do, really, in terms of knowing long term when that's going to occur, but there’s a lot we can do in terms of preparedness and the DairyUP program and the projects are developing many tools, and again, I emphasise collectively with all the organisations that participate in DairyUP, that those tools will help farmers to just do that, really to be better prepared and truly unlock the potential of their cows, their pasture, their systems and their businesses. So, I guess, again, today we only talked about a few examples, but there's a lot happening with over 70 people working in different ways, in one way or another, in DairyUP. And the last point really, is participation, as Juan said, we really appreciate and thank the farmers already for participating in DairyUP and we welcome all farmers to come over, to engage, to participate with our, you know, communication channels, to come to the… we are starting a road trip in June in the south coast in Bega on 20th of June and 21st of June, and we are already well advanced in the organisation of the DRF Symposium on the 7th and 8th November, which will have a lot of DairyUP updates and hopefully a lot of farmers coming over and giving us their feedback. So really, thank you for the opportunity, Sheena, and thanks to all the industry for the opportunity to work for them. 

Sheena Carter: Yeah, that's great, Yani. Look, we can put a link in the show notes to a few of those things you've mentioned. We’ll certainly put a link to the DairyUP website for listeners if you'd like to learn a bit more about some of the other projects that are underway. There is a DairyUP website and you mentioned the DairyUP tour down to Bega and Bodalla in June, so I’d encourage our listeners to get along if you're in that part of the world, and we could also put a link in the show notes to the Symposium as well, so if people are interested, it's an annual event in New South Wales, the Dairy Research Foundation Symposium, to hear more about what's going on in the world of DairyUP. And I do look forward to touching base, probably with both of you again in the future about your projects, but also, Yani, with other program leaders to share with them through the podcast, to share to farmers and industry what's going on in this really exciting space of DairyUP, and the information and resources that will become available to farmers. And so, we'll say thank you. 

Yani Garcia: Thank you, Sheena.

Sheena Carter: Thank you for listening to this month's The Business of Dairy Podcast, produced by the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Dairy Business Advisory Unit. This series is brought to you with funding and support from the Hunter Local Land Services. The show notes to this episode include links to many useful resources mentioned, including links to the DairyUP website and a link to register for the e-newsletter to keep up to date with program activities, a link with details about the South Coast road show on the 21st and 22nd of June 2023 at Bodalla and Bega, and a link to register for the 2023 DRF Symposium on the 7th and 8th of November. We'd love you to share this podcast with your networks and feel free to send any feedback or suggestions for future episodes to thebusinessofdairy@gmail.com. You can also subscribe to our Facebook and Twitter feed and view or subscribe to our dairy newsletter using the links provided.